Glossary | Aggregates Industry Terminology

Acceleration – The rate of material movement across a vibrating screen, determined by stroke and speed, affecting stratification and separation.

Adit – Nearly horizontal tunnel driven into the side of a hill or mountain to access a mineral deposit, often also used for drainage or ventilation.

Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) –  Laboratory index of an aggregate’s resistance to crushing under gradually applied load, used to assess suitability for high‑load uses like road base and ballast.

Aggregate conditioner – A machine used to prepare aggregates by scrubbing and loosening deleterious material before further processing.

Aggregate loadout – The process of moving material from stockpiles into trucks or trailers for delivery, including weighing and ticketing.

Aggregate production – The overall process of mining, crushing, screening and stockpiling aggregates for construction and industrial use.

Aggregates – Crushed stone, sand, gravel and other mined materials that serve as fundamental raw materials for construction projects.

All-in Sustaining Cost (AISC) – Mining cost metric that includes cash operating costs plus sustaining capital and other ongoing expenses, used to compare full‑cycle cost of production per unit metal or product.

Alluvium – Unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel deposited by rivers and streams; often worked as natural aggregate.​

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) – A dry, porous blasting agent used widely in dry holes.

Anti-runback device – A safety mechanism installed on inclined conveyors to prevent the belt from rolling backward in the event of a stop or belt failure.

Anvil – A hardened metal block or ring lining the chamber of a VSI in rock-on-steel mode. Rock leaving the rotor impacts the anvil for reduction.

Articulated dump truck (ADT) – A two-part off-road truck with a tractor unit and trailer unit connected by a pivot joint. The articulation allows steering by bending in the middle, improving maneuverability and ground contact on uneven terrain.

Asphalt – A paving material made by binding aggregates with bitumen; used extensively in road and highway construction.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATF) – The organization charged with regulating the use and storage of explosives.

Attrition scrubber (attrition cell) – Equipment that scours particles against one another to remove clays, break up clusters and reduce turbidity.

Autogenous crushing – A VSI crushing mode in which rock impacts against rock, minimizing wear part use while producing a cubical product

Backbreak – Fracturing behind the last row of blastholes, often damaging the final highwall.

Backhaul – A return trip in which a truck carries material instead of running empty, improving hauling efficiency.

Banana screen – A multi-sloped vibrating screen design with steeper angles at the feed end and flatter slopes toward discharge to increase capacity and efficiency.

Bed depth – The vertical thickness of material on a screen deck; should not exceed about four times the screen opening size at the discharge end.

Bedding plane – A horizontal or inclined plane of weakness in sedimentary rock that affects breakage.

Belt cleaner – A component mounted on a conveyor to remove carryback material from the belt surface, reducing buildup and extending belt life.

Bias-ply tire – Off-the-road tire constructed with multiple fabric plies laid diagonally across each other, producing stiff sidewalls but higher heat buildup.

Blade mill – A machine with paddles or blades that mixes, scrubs and cleans aggregates; often used ahead of washing.

Blastability – The ease of fragmenting a rock mass, governed more by structure (joints, voids, bedding) than rock type.

Blending – The controlled mixing of different aggregate sizes or types to achieve desired gradation.

Blinding – Fine or sticky particles adhering to the screen surface, reducing open area and screening efficiency.

Booster – High-energy explosive placed in direct contact with the column charge to ensure full detonation

Boneyard – Storage area for discarded or worn screen media, often analyzed to troubleshoot screening performance.

Breaker bar (curtain) – An adjustable liner inside an impact crusher (HSI) that material strikes after initial impact with blow bars, helping achieve reduction and control gradation.

Bridge formula – A federal regulation that governs maximum legal weight a truck can carry based on axle spacing, designed to protect highway bridges.

Bucket fill factor – The percentage of a loader bucket’s rated capacity achieved in practice, typically 75 to 90 percent for blasted rock.

Bucket wheel – A rotating wheel with buckets that captures, dewaters and deslimes sand or gravel.

Burden – The distance from a blasthole to the free face – a critical blast design parameter controlling confinement and fragmentation.

Calibration – The process of checking and adjusting a scale’s accuracy using test weights or standards to ensure compliance and reliability.

Carryback – Material that adheres to the conveyor belt and is carried past the discharge point, leading to buildup, spillage and maintenance issues.

Carryover – Undersized material that fails to pass through screen openings, contaminating oversize piles.

Channel frame conveyor – A conveyor constructed with formed steel channels, typically used for shorter runs or portable applications.

Check rods – Mechanical components in some truck scales that limit deck movement and maintain platform alignment for accurate weighing.

Choke feeding – A best practice in cone and gyratory crushers where the chamber is kept full of material, optimizing particle shape and reducing liner wear.

Classifying – Sorting aggregates by size or density to produce material within specification.

Classifying tank – A tank system that separates sand into different sizes based on settling rates and hydraulic controls.

Closed-loop water and silt management – A system that recycles wash water and captures fines, reducing waste and fresh water use.

Closed-side setting (CSS) – The smallest distance between the mantle and concave (or between jaw plates) at the bottom of the crushing chamber, determining product size and throughput.

Coarse material – Aggregates generally larger than 3/8 in. that often require washing to remove fines and debris.

Coarse material screw washer – A washer with screw flights and paddles that scrubs and conveys larger aggregates while removing coatings and fines.

Coast down time – The time it takes for a crusher to come to a full stop after shutdown, often used to monitor bearing condition.

Concentrated load capacity (CLC) – The maximum load a scale platform can sustain over a small area, typically applied by a tandem axle.

Consolidation – The trend of mergers and acquisitions in the aggregate industry, resulting in fewer but larger producers.

Construction aggregates – Aggregates used specifically in infrastructure such as highways, bridges, airports and housing.

Consumption per capita – The average volume of aggregates consumed annually per person; used as a demand measure.

Contamination – The presence of unwanted oversize or fines in screened products, reducing product quality.

Critical diameter – The minimum diameter at which an explosive can sustain detonation.

Critical frequency – A vibration frequency at which screen components may resonate, causing stress or failure.

Cross-slope – The sideways slope built into a haul road to promote drainage, typically 2 to 4 percent.

Crushed stone – Rock that is drilled, blasted and mechanically broken into angular fragments.

Crushing – The process of reducing large rock into smaller aggregate sizes using crushers.

Cut point (D50) – In cyclones, the particle size at which half the material reports to the underflow and half to the overflow.

Deck – The surface of a screen machine fitted with screen media where separation takes place.

Delay scatter – The variability in actual versus rated firing time of a detonator.

Deleterious matter – Unwanted materials (i.e., clay, silt, shale, coal, roots) that reduce aggregate quality.

Desliming – The process of removing very fine particles (slimes) from aggregates.

Detonation velocity (VoD) – The speed at which the detonation wave travels through the explosive.

Deviation – The extent a drill hole strays from its planned alignment.

Dewatering – Removing water from aggregates to produce a drier product.

Dewatering screen – A vibrating screen designed to discharge sand or fines with minimal moisture.

Digital load cell – An advanced scale sensor that converts mechanical force into an electronic signal with diagnostics and lightning resistance.

Discharge end – The lower end of a screen deck where sized material exits.

Distribution – The transport and delivery of aggregates to end users, typically within 20 to 25 miles due to high hauling costs.

Down-the-hole (DTH) drilling – Percussive drilling where the hammer mechanism is located directly above the bit, reducing deviation.

Drill log – Record of subsurface conditions (seams, voids, penetration rate changes) made by the driller.

Dump height – The vertical distance a loader bucket must clear to deposit material into a hauler body. Effective dump height may be reduced by bucket teeth or modifications to truck bodies.

E-ticketing – A digital ticketing system that replaces paper loadout tickets with electronic records, streamlining order-to-invoice processes.

Economies of scale – Cost advantages gained by large producers who spread expenses over higher volumes.

Electronic detonator – Programmable detonator with microchips allowing precise millisecond timing.

Electronic traction assist – A system that monitors wheel rotation and applies braking to a slipping wheel, transferring torque to the wheel with better traction.

Emulsion – A dense, water-resistant explosive consisting of oxidizer droplets suspended in a fuel phase.

Exciter – A vibratory drive component (mechanical or geared) that generates screen motion.

Fall protection – Safeguards designed to prevent workers from falling, such as guardrails, harnesses and anchorage points.

Fatigue (material) – The progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic or fluctuating stresses below its yield strength, leading to equipment failure (e.g., screen media or conveyor frames).

Fault/shear zone – Major structural discontinuities that disrupt confinement and cause unpredictable blast results.

Feed gradation – The particle size distribution of the material entering the crusher.

Feed hopper – A large container or bin at the entry point of the processing plant designed to receive run-of-mine or raw material from haul trucks or loaders and feed it to the primary crusher or conveyor.

Feedbox – A structure that delivers material evenly across the screen deck for consistent loading.

Filter press – A device that squeezes slurry between plates to remove water, producing a dry solids cake.

Fine aggregates – Aggregates 3/8 in. and smaller, including sand, that requires washing to remove silt and clay.

Fine material screw washer – A screw-type washer designed to wash, classify and dewater sand-sized materials.

Flexural failure – Horizontal tension cracks formed as rock mass bends forward.

Flocculant – A chemical additive that helps fine particles clump together and settle out of wash water.

Flyrock – Rock projected beyond the intended blast area due to poor design or confinement.

Fractured face count – A measure of the percentage of aggregate particles with fractured surfaces.

Fragmentation – The size distribution of rock fragments after blasting.

Friction loss – The loss of pressure in a pump or pipe system caused by surface resistance.

GEMS – An acronym for workplace hazards: gravity, electrical, mechanical and space.

G-force – The measure of screen acceleration relative to gravity.

Gradation – The distribution of aggregate particle sizes within a sample.

Grinding arm – A rock-lined surface inside a VSI rotor where particles collide and abrade.

Guarding (safety) – Protective covers or barriers installed on equipment.

Guardrails – Barrier systems that prevent people or objects from falling to lower levels.

Gyratory crusher – A primary crusher that uses a heavy, eccentrically rotating cone (mantle) inside a fixed chamber to reduce large rocks by compression; known for high capacity and large feed opening.

Hammermill grate circle – The lower chamber of a hammermill through which product must pass.

Hardness (rock) – The resistance of a rock to scratching, abrasion, or penetration, influencing the selection of crusher type and wear parts.

Harp screen – Screen media made with independent wires held in place by polyurethane strips.

Haul road – Road constructed within a quarry or mine to allow trucks to travel between loading and dumping points.

Hauler-loader compatibility – Matching haul truck capacity with loader bucket size and reach.

Heat stress – A condition where the body cannot regulate internal temperature in hot environments.

Heavy ANFO – A mixture of ANFO and emulsion for partially wet conditions.

Heated deck – A screen deck with heating elements to reduce blinding from sticky or frozen material.

Heavy-duty screen media (high-vibration wire media) – Engineered screens where wires vibrate independently to reduce blinding.

Hierarchy of controls – Hazard minimization system ranked from most to least effective.

High-frequency screen – A vibrating screen operating at higher RPMs with lower stroke; effective for fine separations.

Highway system – The U.S. network of paved roads that consumes vast amounts of aggregates.

Hole-to-hole timing – Delay sequence between holes in a row.

Horizontal screen – A flat vibrating screen relying on large stroke and high g-force.

Horizontal Shaft Impactor (HSI) – A type of impact crusher that uses impact force, rather than compression, to reduce the size of various materials such as rock, concrete, and asphalt. 

Hybrid screen media – Combination of woven wire and polyurethane/rubber panels.

Hydrocyclone (cyclone) – A conical device using centrifugal force to separate particles.

Hydraulic Roller Press (HRP) – A crushing machine that uses high-pressure rollers to crush material into a fine powder, often used in hard rock or cement production.

Impact bed – A rigid structure with energy-absorbing bars supporting the belt at the load zone.

Impact crusher – A secondary or tertiary crusher that uses impact energy from rotating blow bars striking the feed material to achieve reduction and produce a cubical product.

Impeller (rotor) – The high-speed rotating VSI component that accelerates rock.

Indicator – The control terminal of a scale that displays weights and manages ticketing.

Inclinometer – A device used to measure the deviation (angle and direction) of a blasthole from its intended path.

Inclined screen – A sloped vibrating screen design using gravity to assist material movement.

Infrastructure – Roads, bridges, airports, railroads, utilities and water systems (all aggregate dependent).

Injection-molded polyurethane – Polyurethane screen panels with shorter wear life than open-cast polyurethane.

In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) – A system that uses a semi-mobile or fully mobile primary crusher located in the pit, which feeds material directly onto a conveyor system for transport out of the mine, reducing truck haulage costs.

Jaw crusher – A primary crusher that uses compressive force between a fixed jaw and a movable jaw to crush large stones, resulting in a product with a high ratio of reduction.

Joint – A natural fracture in rock that influences fragmentation.

Joint Density – The frequency or concentration of geological joints and fractures within a rock mass, a key factor used in blast design and rock mass classification systems.

J-Plate – A wear component found in some impact crushers used to contain the material being crushed, often with a specific shape to influence the flow and fracture pattern.

Junction box – Device in truck scales that receives and combines load cell signals.

Keystone – A stone or fragment that gets wedged between the jaw plates of a crusher, potentially stopping the machine; this is a form of bridging.

Knocking – The sound produced by large material impacting the side walls or discharge apron of a primary crusher or feeder.

Knuckle Boom – A heavy-duty, hydraulically articulated arm used to break large boulders that become stuck in the primary crusher feed opening.

Leaf spring – Flexible support springs used to isolate screen vibration.

Lift axle – An auxiliary truck axle that can be raised/lowered pneumatically.

Liner – Replaceable, wear-resistant components bolted inside crushing chambers to protect the main crusher frame.

Liner profile – The shape of wear liners inside a crusher chamber.

Loader cycle – The complete sequence of movements a wheel loader performs when moving material, consisting of digging, maneuvering, dumping, and returning.

Loader scale – An onboard weighing system installed on wheel loaders to measure payload.

Lock ring – A wheel component securing a tire on a rim in multi-piece assemblies.

Lockout/tagout (LOTO) – Safety procedure ensuring equipment is shut down before maintenance.

Log washer – Equipment with paddles that scrub aggregates, removing clays and coatings.

Longitudinal slope – The uphill or downhill grade of a haul road, affecting factors like truck speed, fuel consumption, and brake wear.

Los Angeles Abrasion test (LA Abrasion) – the North American standard for testing toughness (resistance to abrasion and degradation) of construction aggregate or gravel and its suitability for road construction.

Lubrication – Application of grease or oil to reduce friction and overheating.

Lump breaker – Equipment designed to break up soft, sticky clumps or composite aggregates, often placed ahead of crushers or screens.

Machine guarding – Protective barriers shielding workers from hazards.

Manganese steel – Work-hardening alloy used in crusher liners and jaw plates.

Manufactured sand – Sand produced by crushing rock and processing screenings.

Mesh size – Measurement of screen opening size, expressed as openings per inch.

Motor sheave – Pulley mounted on the motor shaft transferring power via belts.

Mine Safety & Health Administration (MSHA) – Federal mining safety agency.

Muckpile – The pile of broken rock after a blast.

Mud seam – Weak, clay-like layer in rock that absorbs explosive energy.

Multinational ownership – Aggregate companies owned by global corporations.

Natural frequency – The inherent vibration frequency of a screen structure.

Near-size material – Particles close in size to the screen opening.

Nominal capacity – Maximum distributed weight a truck scale can handle across its platform.

Nominal-rated load capacity – Manufacturer-stated payload capacity of a haul truck.

Non-electric detonator (shock tube) – An initiation system using a hollow plastic tube with reactive powder.

Off-the-road (OTR) tire – A heavy-duty tire for earthmoving, mining or quarrying equipment.

Open area – Proportion of usable screening surface available for material passage.

Open-cast polyurethane – Polyurethane screen media cast in open molds.

Open-side setting (OSS) – The largest distance between crushing surfaces when farthest apart.

Orbit – The motion pattern of a vibrating screen.

Overflow (cyclone) – The fine material and water discharged from a hydrocyclone.

Overland conveyor – High-capacity conveyor engineered for long-distance transport.

Oversize – Material larger than the screen opening that travels over the deck.

Paddle – A flat washer or mill component that agitates material.

Particle shape (cubical) – Aggregates with favorable length-to-width ratios.

Payload capacity – The maximum load a hauler can carry safely.

Pegging – Near-size particles lodged in screen openings, blocking throughput.

Per-capita use – Average annual aggregate use per person.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) – Safety gear such as hard hats, glasses and gloves.

Piano wire screen – Flexible, self-cleaning screen media made of piano wire.

Pit – A mining site, often for sand and gravel, where material is excavated near the surface.

Pit-type scale – A truck scale installed flush with ground level.

Portable plant – A mobile crushing and screening setup on wheels or tracks.

Portable truck scale – A relocatable weighing system, often modular, for temporary use.

Portland cement concrete – A mixture of aggregates, cement, water and SCMs.

Powder factor – Amount of explosive used per unit of rock broken.

Primer – A unit containing a detonator and booster to initiate the main charge.

Producer – A company that mines, processes and sells aggregates.

Pump – A device that moves water or slurry in washing/classifying operations.

Quantity-distance (Q-D) table – ATF regulatory table prescribing explosive storage distances.

Quarry – An open-pit operation where stone, sand or gravel is extracted.

Radial fracturing – Initial fractures extending outward from the blasthole.

Radial stacker – A mobile conveyor with a rotating base that builds stockpiles in an arc.

Radial tire – OTR tire with plies running perpendicular to the direction of travel.

Rear-eject body – A haul truck body that pushes material out the rear without tipping.

Reblending – Mixing of retained sand fractions to create an in-spec product.

Recycling wash water – Capturing and reusing process water in a wash plant.

Reduction ratio – The ratio of feed size to product size in crushing.

Rehandle – The costly process of moving material more than once, often done by a wheel loader.

Reserves – Known quantities of aggregates that can be economically mined.

Recirculation – Returning oversize or misclassified material for reprocessing.

Reciprocating motion – Straight-line back-and-forth screen motion.

Resonance – A condition where operating frequency matches natural frequency.

Riffle Splitter – A lab device used to divide a large aggregate sample into smaller, representative samples for testing.

Rigid hauler (rigid-frame haul truck) – Large off-highway truck built on a single rigid frame.

Rolling resistance – The force opposing a truck’s forward motion caused by tire flexing or road conditions.

Rotary drilling – Grinding action drilling method suited to abrasive formations.

Row-to-row timing – Delay sequence between blast rows.

Run-of-Mine (ROM) – The material immediately extracted from the quarry face or bank, before any crushing or processing has taken place.

Rock-on-rock crushing – A crushing style where the material is reduced by impacting a bed of the same material, reducing wear on metal parts.

Safety decals – Warning labels on equipment.

Sand and gravel – Naturally occurring aggregates mined from pits, rivers or glacial deposits.

Scaled distance – Formula relating charge weight and distance to predict vibration levels.

Scalping – Removal of coarse oversize before further crushing or screening.

Screen box – The structural frame that houses decks and drive systems.

Screening – Separating aggregates into size ranges using vibrating or stationary screens.

Screen media – The surface (wire cloth, polyurethane, rubber) that separates material by size.

Separation – The process of classifying material into size fractions.

Seasonal maintenance – Off-season inspection and repair of equipment.

Settling pond – Pond where solids settle out of wash water before reuse.

Shaft – The rotating component of a vibrating mechanism..

Shear rubber mount – Rubber element isolating vibration between screen and support.

Sheave – Pulley wheel used with belts to transmit power.

Side dump trailer – A dump trailer that unloads by tipping to the side.

Side force – Lateral stress applied to truck tires when negotiating curves.

Side plate – The vertical steel plate forming the sidewalls of a screen box.

Silica (respirable crystalline silica) – Fine dust generated when processing silica-containing materials.

Single-draft weighing – Weighing a truck in one pass across the scale platform.

Sizing – Separating aggregates into uniform size categories.

Skirtboard – A vertical steel plate along a conveyor belt’s edge at the load zone.

Slips, trips and falls (STF) – Workplace incidents caused by poor housekeeping or uneven surfaces.

Slotted opening – Elongated screen opening that improves throughput while reducing pegging.

Slurry – A mixture of solids and water, often transported via pumps or processed in thickeners.

Slurry pump – A pump designed to move abrasive mixtures of water and solids.

Spacing – The distance between blastholes in a row.

Specialty applications – Uses of aggregates outside mainstream construction.

Specific energy (kWh/ton) – Energy required per ton of material crushed.

Specific gravity (SG) – The ratio of the density of an aggregate material to the density of water, used to calculate solid volumes and porosity.

Specification products – Aggregates produced to meet defined standards.

Spray bar – Water pipe with nozzles positioned over or between decks.

Spring tension – Clamping force applied to tensioned screen cloth.

Square opening – Standard screen hole shape providing uniform separation.

Static head – Pressure exerted by the vertical height of a water column in a pump system.

Stemming – Inert material placed at the top of a blasthole to confine gases.

Step deck – Screen deck with staggered levels to improve stratification.

Stiffness ratio – Ratio of bench height to burden, influencing fragmentation.

Stockpile layout – Strategic placement of piles to improve access and reduce cycle times.

Stratification – Process of finer particles sifting through coarser layers.

Stroke – The distance of screen box movement per cycle.

Stroke card – Tool used to measure stroke length and direction.

Subdrill – Drilling below the desired floor level to ensure clean breakage.

Superelevation – The banking of a road curve to counteract centrifugal force.

Surface mining – Mining method where material is removed from the earth’s surface.

Suspension spring – Coil spring supporting a screen box.

Surge tunnel – Tunnel beneath a stockpile that houses feeders.

Tailings containment – Controlled storage of waste fines and slurry.

Telescoping conveyor – A stacker with an extendable section for precise layering.

Tensioning – Tightening screen cloth or panels for proper performance.

Tertiary crusher – The third stage of crushing used to produce fine, highly shaped, and specified aggregate products.

Thickener – A large settling tank that concentrates slurry.

Three points of contact – Climbing safety practice requiring three points of contact.

Throw – The eccentric motion or offset of the mantle in a cone or gyratory crusher.

Throw direction – The angle of material travel on the deck.

Top hammer drilling – Percussive drilling where energy is delivered from the hammer at the top of the drill string.

Torque multiplier – Tool used to achieve higher torque when tightening fasteners.

Traction-assist feature – System on rigid haulers improving traction on slippery haul roads.

Tramp metal relief – A feature in cone and gyratory crushers that allows uncrushable objects to pass.

Tread depth classifications – System for OTR tires identifying tread thickness and type.

Tridrive – A Canadian truck configuration with three rear drive axles.

Trommel Screen – A rotating cylindrical screen used for scalping and separating sticky or wet materials, commonly employed in sand and gravel or recycling operations. More on screens.

Truck cycle time – The total time required to load, weigh and release a truck.

Truss frame conveyor – A conveyor built with a lattice-style steel frame.

T-Section – A type of heavy-duty conveyor frame construction that provides structural rigidity for long runs or high capacities.

Ultrafines – Particles smaller than 75 microns (passing the #200 sieve), generally consisting of silt and clay, which must be removed for high-quality aggregate use. More on fines.

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) – The maximum axial compressive stress that a cylindrical rock sample can sustain without lateral support.

Undersize – Material smaller than the screen opening that passes through the deck.

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) – An electronic controller that adjusts the speed of an AC electric motor, allowing operators to fine-tune the speed of conveyors, screens, or crushers for process optimization.

Vibration analysis – Diagnostic tool using sensors to monitor screen performanc.

Vertical Shaft Impactor (VSI) – A type of impact crusher that uses velocity to break rock, by accelerating feed material inside a rotating chamber and throwing it against a target, producing high-quality, cubical aggregate and sand with controlled particle shape and gradation.

Vibrating Grizzly Feeder (VGF) – A piece of equipment that uses vibration to feed large, run-of-mine material into the primary crusher while simultaneously allowing fine material to drop through fixed bars (grizzlies), bypassing the crusher.

Wash circuit – The system of spray bars, pumps and settling equipment used in wet screening.

Wash plant – The section of the processing circuit dedicated to rinsing aggregates with water to remove silt, clay, and other deleterious ultrafines, typically including screens, screws, and cyclones. More on wash plants.

Water jetting – The use of high-pressure water streams to help loosen, scrub, and wash sticky clay from aggregate particles.

Wear plate – Heavy-duty, replaceable steel plate installed in chutes, hoppers, or transfer points to protect the primary steel structure from abrasion.

Weighbridge – The steel or concrete deck of a truck scale, used to weigh vehicles for compliance, logistics, and sales ticketing.

Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) – Truck scale technology that weighs vehicles while moving slowly across the platform.

Wheel flange – The outer edge of a wheel rim that supports the tire bead.

Woven wire cloth – Traditional screen media of interwoven metal wires.